Acute HIV infection can present as an infectious mononucleosis-like or influenza-like syndrome, but the clinical features are highly variable. Clinical PresentationĪs many as 90% of infected people will recall experiencing symptoms during the acute phase of HIV infection. Unsafe medical practices might be greater in low-income countries where the blood supply and organs and tissues used for transplantation might not be screened properly for HIV. Travelers who might undergo scheduled or emergency medical procedures should be aware that HIV can be transmitted by unsafe nonsterile medical injection practices (e.g., reusing needles, syringes, or single-dose medication vials). Risk for HIV exposure and infection is determined less by a traveler’s geographic destination and more by the behaviors in which they engage while traveling (e.g., sex without a condom, nonsterile injection drug use). The risk for HIV infection is generally low for international travelers. People with HIV face an intersection of stigma, discrimination, violence, and criminalization that causes health inequities international travelers should be aware of how their travel affects local communities, including people with HIV. Although the reported adult HIV prevalence in many regions of the world is low, certain populations are disproportionately affected (e.g., sex workers, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, transgender people, and incarcerated people). Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected part of the world (25.4 million cases, or 67% of all people living with HIV infection) central Asia and eastern Europe have experienced the largest increases in new HIV infections (47% increase from 2010 to 2020). In 2000, an estimated 37.7 million people were living with HIV infection globally. It can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, at birth, and postpartum through breastfeeding. ![]() HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, needle or syringe sharing, unsafe medical injection or blood transfusion, and organ or tissue transplantation. HIV is an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus in the family Retroviridae. A clinical laboratory certified in moderate complexity testing self-tests are also available Infectious Agent
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |